Mobile IP: state of the art report

Due to roaming, a mobile device may change its network attachment each time it moves to a new link. This might cause a disruption for the Internet data packets that have to reach the mobile node. Mobile IP is a protocol, developed by the Mobile IP Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group, that is able to inform the network about this change in network attachment such that the Internet data packets will be delivered in a seamless way to the new point of attachment. This document presents current developments and research activities in the Mobile IP area

On the security of the Mobile IP protocol family

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has worked on\ud network layer mobility for more than 10 years and a number\ud of RFCs are available by now. Although the IETF mobility\ud protocols are not present in the Internet infrastructure as of\ud today, deployment seems to be imminent since a number\ud of organizations, including 3GPP, 3GPP2 and Wimax, have\ud realized the need to incorporate these protocols into their architectures.\ud Deployment scenarios reach from mobility support\ud within the network of a single provider to mobility support\ud between different providers and technologies. Current Wimax\ud specifications, for example, already support Mobile IPv4,\ud Proxy Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6. Future specifications will\ud also support Proxy Mobile IPv6. Upcoming specifications in\ud the 3GPP Evolved Packet Core (EPC) will include the use of\ud Mobile IPv4, Dual Stack MIPv6 and Proxy Mobile IPv6 for\ud interworking between 3GPP and non 3GPP networks.\ud This paper provides an overview on the state-of-the-art\ud in IETF mobility protocols as they are being considered by\ud standardization organizations outside the IETF and focusing\ud on security aspects

Scalability and Congestion Control in Broadband Intelligent and Mobile Networks

The use of mobile communication networks has increased rapidly in the last two decades. This growth is expected to continue at a high rate in the foreseeable \ud future. Consequently, issues such as network scalability and overload/congestion control cannot be overlooked and must be taken into account in the design and operation of these networks. Scalability is the ability of the network to accommodate an increasing number of users, more and diversified services, expanding geographical coverage, etc., while maintaining high availability of network resources and preserving quality of service requirements. In the design process of a large network and its underlying protocols, several alternatives may be proposed to allow for scalable solutions. In the presence of a large number of potential active users, overload at parts of the network is likely to occur, at least occasionally, during busy hours or due to some unexpected events. In the absence of proper control to help avoid overloads and to quickly dissipate them when they occur, congestion may persist for extended periods of time, leading to unacceptable delays and high blocking rate of service requests. Therefore, it is crucial that the network be equipped with algorithms to protect critical network entities from becoming overloaded; i.e., congestion control algorithms. The first main focus of this thesis is network scalability. A methodology for the modeling and quantitative analysis of scalability is introduced and applied for the evaluation of a prototype Broadband Intelligent Network (B-IN) that has been developed in the European ACTS projects "INSIGNIA" and "EXODUS". The second main focus of this thesis is network congestion control. Novel congestion control algorithms are proposed for the same B-IN prototype developed in the ACTS projects "INSIGNIA" and "EXODUS". Important qualitative criteria are identified for the evaluation of these algorithms, and extensive performance experimentation is carried out to demonstrate their effectiveness and superiority in comparison with other known congestion control solutions

Automated Merging in a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) System

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is a form of cruise control in which a vehicle maintains a constant headway to its preceding vehicle using radar and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Within the Connect & Drive1 project we have implemented and tested a prototype of such a system, with IEEE 802.11p as the enabling communication technology. In this paper we present an extension of our CACC system that allows vehicles to merge inside a platoon of vehicles at a junction, i.e., at a pre-defined location. Initially the merging vehicle and the platoon are outside each other’s communication range and are unaware of each other. Our merging algorithm is fully distributed and uses asynchronous multi-hop communication. Practical testing of our algorithm is planned for May 2011

Towards Scalable Beaconing in VANETs

Beaconing is envisioned to build a cooperative awareness in future intelligent vehicles, from which many ITS applications can draw their inputs. The problem of scalability has received ample attention over the past years and is primarily approached using power control methods. We reason power control alone will not be sufficient if we are to meet application requirements; the rate at which beacons are generated must also be controlled. Ultimately, adaptive approaches based on actual channel and traffic state can tune MAC and beaconing properties to optimal values in the dynamic VANET environment

DiffServ resource management in IP-based radio access networks

The increasing popularity of the Internet, the flexibility of IP, and the wide deployment of IP technologies, as well as the growth of mobile communications have driven the development of IP-based solutions for wireless networking. The introduction of IP-based transport in Radio Access Networks (RANs) is one of these networking solutions. When compared to traditional IP networks, an IP-based RAN has specific characteristics, due to which, for satisfactory transport functionality, it imposes strict requirements on resource management schemes. In this paper we present the Resource Management in DiffServ (RMD) framework, which extends the DiffServ architecture with new admission control and resource reservation concepts, such that the resource management requirements of an IP-based RAN are met. This framework aims at simplicity, low-cost, and easy implementation, along with good scaling properties. The RMD framework defines two architectural concepts: the Per Hop Reservation (PHR) and the Per Domain Reservation (PDR). As part of the RMD framework a new protocol, the RMD On DemAnd (RODA) Per Hop Reservation (PHR) protocol will be introduced. A key characteristic of the RODA PHR is that it maintains only a single reservation state per PHB in the interior routers of a DiffServ domain, regardless of the number of flows passing through

Mobile Cloud Computing: Resource Discovery, Session Connectivity and Other Open Issues

Abstract—Cloud computing can be considered as a model that provides network access to a shared pool of resources, such as storage and computing power, which can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort. This paper describes a research activity in the area of mobile cloud computing. It highlights different open issues which are associated with the mobile usage of cloud computing. By establishing a list of criteria for those issues, different solutions are compared against each other. The solutions discussed in this paper focus on different aspects of cloud computing in association with mobile usage. Each of the presented solutions offers at least one satisfactory approach for one of the open issues that are associated with the mobile usage of cloud computing resources. By combining the different existing approaches it would be possible to generate a solution that covers most of the issues currently identified

QoS in GPRS

Mobile telephony has been for many years the most popular application supported by mobile systems such as the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM). Recently, the use of mobile data applications such as the GSM Short Message Service (SMS) has gained popularity. However, the GSM system can only support data services up to 9.6 kbit/s, circuit switched. The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), is a new packet switched data service for GSM that can allow bitrates, theoretically up to 170 kbit/s per user. However, commercial GPRS systems will be able to support rates up to 115 kbit/s. This document presents current developments and research activities in the area of Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in GPRS Release 1998 and Release 1999. Moreover, new procedures that are used to enable the interworking between the GPRS QoS framework and the IntServ framework and as well the interworking between the GPRS QoS framework and the Diffserv framework are introduced